7조 Merge Request
Compare changes
+ 36
− 26
@@ -462,90 +462,96 @@ Actually, when I revised in late May 1997 I found the list was beginning to lose
@@ -462,90 +462,96 @@ Actually, when I revised in late May 1997 I found the list was beginning to lose
The real turning point in the project was when Harry Hochheiser sent me his scratch code for forwarding mail to the client machine's SMTP port. I realized almost immediately that a reliable implementation of this feature would make all the other mail delivery modes next to obsolete.
fetchmail 프로젝트에서 큰 전환이 일어났던 것은 해리 호흐하이저(Harry Hochheiser) 가 클라이언트 머신의 SMTP 포트로 메일을 포워딩하는 대략적인 코드를 보내준 때였다. 보자마자 이 기능을 안정적으로 구현한다면 다른 모든 배달 방법은 구식이 되리라는 것을 깨달았다.
For many weeks I had been tweaking fetchmail rather incrementally while feeling like the interface design was serviceable but grubby—inelegant and with too many exiguous options hanging out all over. The options to dump fetched mail to a mailbox file or standard output particularly bothered me, but I couldn't figure out why. (If you don't care about the technicalia of Internet mail, the next two paragraphs can be safely skipped.)
For many weeks I had been tweaking fetchmail rather incrementally while feeling like the interface design was serviceable but grubby—inelegant and with too many exiguous options hanging out all over. The options to dump fetched mail to a mailbox file or standard output particularly bothered me, but I couldn't figure out why. (If you don't care about the technicalia of Internet mail, the next two paragraphs can be safely skipped.)
여러 주 동안 나는 fetchmail을 조금씩 뜯어고치고 있었는데, 인터페이스 설계가 작동하긴 하지만 지저분하다고 느끼고 있었다. 우아하지도 않고 몇 안되는 옵션들이 너무 여기저기 흩어져 있었다. 가져온 메일을 메일박스 파일에 부어놓을 것인지, 표준출력으로 내보낼 것인지 결정하는 옵션이 특히 골치거리였지만 왜 그런지 확실히 깨닫지는 못했다.
What I saw when I thought about SMTP forwarding was that popclient had been trying to do too many things. It had been designed to be both a mail transport agent (MTA) and a local delivery agent (MDA). With SMTP forwarding, it could get out of the MDA business and be a pure MTA, handing off mail to other programs for local delivery just as sendmail does.
What I saw when I thought about SMTP forwarding was that popclient had been trying to do too many things. It had been designed to be both a mail transport agent (MTA) and a local delivery agent (MDA). With SMTP forwarding, it could get out of the MDA business and be a pure MTA, handing off mail to other programs for local delivery just as sendmail does.
SMTP 포워딩을 생각하자 그동안 popclient 가 너무 많은 것을 해내려고 했다는 것을 알게 되었다. poopclient 는 MTA (Mail Transport Agent) 와 MDA (Mail Delivery Agent)의 기능을 모두 가지도록 설계되었다. SMTP 포워딩만 할 수 있다면 MDA 기능을 없애 순수한 MTA 가 될 수 있었다. sendmail 과 마찬가지로 최종적인 메일 배달은 다른 프로그램에게 맡기면 되는 것이다.
Why mess with all the complexity of configuring a mail delivery agent or setting up lock-and-append on a mailbox when port 25 is almost guaranteed to be there on any platform with TCP/IP support in the first place? Especially when this means retrieved mail is guaranteed to look like normal sender-initiated SMTP mail, which is really what we want anyway. (Back to a higher level....)
Why mess with all the complexity of configuring a mail delivery agent or setting up lock-and-append on a mailbox when port 25 is almost guaranteed to be there on any platform with TCP/IP support in the first place? Especially when this means retrieved mail is guaranteed to look like normal sender-initiated SMTP mail, which is really what we want anyway. (Back to a higher level....)
TCP/IP를 지원하는 플랫폼이라면 거의 어디에나 25번 포트가 기다리고 있는데 무엇 때문에 복잡한 MDA 기능을 설정하거나 메일박스를 잠그고 덧붙이는 (lock-and-append) 문제를 가지고 고생을 하는가? 더구나 포워딩을 사용하면 가져온 메일이 평범한 SMTP 메일처럼 보일 것이고, 우리가 원하는 것이 바로 그것이었는데 말이다.
(201620633 박영도) Even if you didn't follow the preceding technical jargon, there are several important lessons here. First, this SMTP-forwarding concept was the biggest single payoff I got from consciously trying to emulate Linus's methods. A user gave me this terrific idea—all I had to do was understand the implications.
(박영도) Even if you didn't follow the preceding technical jargon, there are several important lessons here. First, this SMTP-forwarding concept was the biggest single payoff I got from consciously trying to emulate Linus's methods. A user gave me this terrific idea—all I had to do was understand the implications.
몇가지 배울 점이 있었다. 먼저, SMTP 포워딩에 대한 아이디어는 내가 리누스의 방법을 모방하려고 의식적으로 노력한 것에 대한 가장 큰 보답이었다. 사용자 한 명이 내게 끝내주는 아이디어를 주었으며 내가 해야했던 일은 그 의미를 이해하는 것 뿐이었다.
11. The next best thing to having good ideas is recognizing good ideas from your users. Sometimes the latter is better.
11. 좋은 아이디어를 생각해내는 것 다음으로 중요한 일은 사용자들이 알려준 좋은 아이디어를 깨닫는 것이다. 때로는 이편이 더 나을 수도 있다. (The next best thing to having good ideas is recognizing good ideas from your users. Sometimes the latter is better)
Interestingly enough, you will quickly find that if you are completely and self-deprecatingly truthful about how much you owe other people, the world at large will treat you as though you did every bit of the invention yourself and are just being becomingly modest about your innate genius. We can all see how well this worked for Linus!
Interestingly enough, you will quickly find that if you are completely and self-deprecatingly truthful about how much you owe other people, the world at large will treat you as though you did every bit of the invention yourself and are just being becomingly modest about your innate genius. We can all see how well this worked for Linus!
흥미롭게도 만일 당신이 얼마나 다른사람에게 빚을 많이 지고 있는지를 자기 비하라고 느껴질 정도로까지 솔직하게 털어놓는다면 대개의 사람들은 당신이 혼자서 거의 모든 일을 해내고서 천재성에 대해서 겸손해 하는 것처럼 대한다는 것을 곧바로 알게 될 것이다. 리누스의 경우를 보라!
(When I gave my talk at the first Perl Conference in August 1997, hacker extraordinaire Larry Wall was in the front row. As I got to the last line above he called out, religious-revival style, ``Tell it, tell it, brother!''. The whole audience laughed, because they knew this had worked for the inventor of Perl, too.)
(When I gave my talk at the first Perl Conference in August 1997, hacker extraordinaire Larry Wall was in the front row. As I got to the last line above he called out, religious-revival style, **Tell it, tell it, brother!**. The whole audience laughed, because they knew this had worked for the inventor of Perl, too.)
(1997년 8월, Perl 컨퍼런스에서 이 글을 발표할 때 래리 월이 첫 번째 줄에 앉아 있었다. 바로 윗 줄에 도달했을 때 그는 부흥사라도 된 것처럼 외쳤다. ``형제여, 이야기 하시오, 이야기를!'' 청중들 모두가 이것이 Perl을 만든 래리에게도 적용된다는 것을 알았기 때문에 웃음을 터뜨렸다.)
After a very few weeks of running the project in the same spirit, I began to get similar praise not just from my users but from other people to whom the word leaked out. I stashed away some of that email; I'll look at it again sometime if I ever start wondering whether my life has been worthwhile :-).
After a very few weeks of running the project in the same spirit, I began to get similar praise not just from my users but from other people to whom the word leaked out. I stashed away some of that email; I'll look at it again sometime if I ever start wondering whether my life has been worthwhile :-).
똑같은 정신으로 프로젝트를 몇 주 진행해 나가자 나는 사용자들 뿐 아니라 이야기를 전해들은 다른 사람들로부터 비슷한 칭송을 받기 시작했다. 나는 그런 email 중 몇몇을 따로 보관해 두었다. 나중에 내 삶이 가치있는 것이었는지 의심스러워질 때 그 메일들을 다시 꺼내볼 생각이다. :-)
But there are two more fundamental, non-political lessons here that are general to all kinds of design.
12. (양수훈)Often, the most striking and innovative solutions come from realizing that your concept of the problem was wrong.
12. 종종 가장 충격적이고 혁신적인 해결책은 당신 자신이 문제에 대해서 가지고 있는 개념이 잘못되어 있다는 것을 깨닫는 것에서 나온다. (Often, the most striking and innovative solutions come from realizing that your concept of the problem was wrong)
I had been trying to solve the wrong problem by continuing to develop popclient as a combined MTA/MDA with all kinds of funky local delivery modes. Fetchmail's design needed to be rethought from the ground up as a pure MTA, a part of the normal SMTP-speaking Internet mail path.
나는 popclient를 MTA/MDA 기능을 다 갖추고 복잡한 지역배달모드들까지(local delivery modes) 갖춘 것으로 개발해 나가면서 틀린 문제를 풀려고 노력하고 있었다. fetchmail의 설계는 가장 기초적인 것부터 재고하여 SMTP 포트로 메일을 배달하는 인터넷 메일 경로의 한 부분인 순수 MTA 가 되어야 했다.
When you hit a wall in development—when you find yourself hard put to think past the next patch—it's often time to ask not whether you've got the right answer, but whether you're asking the right question. Perhaps the problem needs to be reframed.
개발 도중에 벽에 부딪친다면 - 다음번 패치 후에 무엇을 해야 할 지 모르겠다면 - 그때는 정답을 가지고 있는지 생각할 것이 아니라 질문이 올바른 것인지 의문을 가져보아야 하는 경우가 종종 있다. 아마도 문제의 틀을 다시 잡아야 할 것이다.
Well, I had reframed my problem. Clearly, the right thing to do was (1) hack SMTP forwarding support into the generic driver, (2) make it the default mode, and (3) eventually throw out all the other delivery modes, especially the deliver-to-file and deliver-to-standard-output options.
그래서, 나도 내 문제의 틀을 다시 잡았다. 분명히 제대로 일을 진행하려면 (1) SMTP 포워딩 지원 기능을 일반 드라이버에 포함시키고, (2) SMTP 포워딩을 기본모드로 만들고 (3) 최종적으로는 다른 배달모드들, 특히 `파일로 배달하기' 와 `표준출력으로 배달하기'를 제거해야 했다.'
I hesitated over step 3 for some time, fearing to upset long-time popclient users dependent on the alternate delivery mechanisms. In theory, they could immediately switch to .forward files or their non-sendmail equivalents to get the same effects. In practice the transition might have been messy.
나는 단계 (3)에서 조금 머뭇거렸는데, 이유는 오랫동안 popclient 를 써오면서 다른 배달모드에 의존하고 있을 사용자들의 심기를 불편하게 만들고 싶지 않았기 때문이다. 이론적으로는 그들 모두 즉시 .forward 파일이나 sendmail 외의 비슷한 프로그램으로 전환하여 동일한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 실제로는 전환 자체가 큰 일이 될 것이었다.
(이성모) But when I did it, the benefits proved huge. The cruftiest parts of the driver code vanished. Configuration got radically simpler—no more grovelling around for the system MDA and user's mailbox, no more worries about whether the underlying OS supports file locking.
하지만 단계 (3)을 실행하고 나자 이점이 매우 큰 것으로 나타났다. 드라이버 코드 중 가장 힘든 부분이 사라졌다. 설정이 엄청나게 간단해졌다 - 시스템의 MDA 와 사용자의 메일박스를 일일이 찾아다니며 굽실거릴 필요도 없어졌고, OS 가 파일 잠금을 지원하는지 걱정할 필요도 없어졌다.
Also, the only way to lose mail vanished. If you specified delivery to a file and the disk got full, your mail got lost. This can't happen with SMTP forwarding because your SMTP listener won't return OK unless the message can be delivered or at least spooled for later delivery.
게다가 메일을 잃어버릴 한가지 가능성도 사라졌다. `파일로 배달하기'를 선택했을 때 디스크가 꽉 차 있으면 메일이 사라져 버렸던 것이다. SMTP 포워딩에서는 SMTP 리스너가 메시지 배달이 가능하거나 나중에 배달할 수 있도록 스풀해 놓기 전에는 OK를 돌려주지 않을 것이기 때문에 이런 일이 일어날 수가 없다.
Also, performance improved (though not so you'd notice it in a single run). Another not insignificant benefit of this change was that the manual page got a lot simpler.
Later, I had to bring delivery via a user-specified local MDA back in order to allow handling of some obscure situations involving dynamic SLIP. But I found a much simpler way to do it.
나중에 나는 사용자가 지정한 지역 MDA를 통해 배달하는 기능을 다시 넣어야 했다. 동적인 SLIP를 포함하여 몇몇 애매한 상황을 다루어야 했기 때문이다. 하지만 처음보다 훨씬 간단한 방법을 찾아낼 수 있었다.
The moral? Don't hesitate to throw away superannuated features when you can do it without loss of effectiveness. Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (who was an aviator and aircraft designer when he wasn't authoring classic children's books) said:
교훈이라면? 낡아서 사용할 수 없는 기능이라면 효율을 떨어뜨리지 않고 제거할 수 있을 때는 망설이지 말고 제거해 버리라. 앙뜨완 드 생떽쥐뻬리는 (아동서적 작가였으며 남는 시간에는 비행기 조종과 설계를 했던) 이렇게 말했다.
13. (정우택) ``Perfection (in design) is achieved not when there is nothing more to add, but rather when there is nothing more to take away.''
13. ``(설계에 있어서) 완벽함이란 더 이상 추가할 것이 없을 때 이루어지는 것이 아니라 더 이상 버릴 것이 없을 때 이루어진다. (Perfection (in design) is achieved not when there is nothing more to add, but rather when there is nothing more to take away)''
When your code is getting both better and simpler, that is when you know it's right. And in the process, the fetchmail design acquired an identity of its own, different from the ancestral popclient.
@@ -553,12 +559,16 @@ When your code is getting both better and simpler, that is when you know it's ri
@@ -553,12 +559,16 @@ When your code is getting both better and simpler, that is when you know it's ri
It was time for the name change. The new design looked much more like a dual of sendmail than the old popclient had; both are MTAs, but where sendmail pushes then delivers, the new popclient pulls then delivers. So, two months off the blocks, I renamed it fetchmail.
이름을 바꿀 때가 된 것이다. 새로운 설계는 예전의 popclient 보다는 sendmail 과 비슷해 보였다. 둘다 MTA였으나 sendmail은 푸시(push) 후에 메일을 배달했고 새로운 popclient 는 풀(pull) 후에 메일을 배달했다. 해서 두 달 후에 나는 popclient 의 이름을 fetchmail로 변경했다.
There is a more general lesson in this story about how SMTP delivery came to fetchmail. It is not only debugging that is parallelizable; development and (to a perhaps surprising extent) exploration of design space is, too. When your development mode is rapidly iterative, development and enhancement may become special cases of debugging—fixing `bugs of omission' in the original capabilities or concept of the software.
There is a more general lesson in this story about how SMTP delivery came to fetchmail. It is not only debugging that is parallelizable; development and (to a perhaps surprising extent) exploration of design space is, too. When your development mode is rapidly iterative, development and enhancement may become special cases of debugging—fixing `bugs of omission' in the original capabilities or concept of the software.
Even at a higher level of design, it can be very valuable to have lots of co-developers random-walking through the design space near your product. Consider the way a puddle of water finds a drain, or better yet how ants find food: exploration essentially by diffusion, followed by exploitation mediated by a scalable communication mechanism. This works very well; as with Harry Hochheiser and me, one of your outriders may well find a huge win nearby that you were just a little too close-focused to see.
Even at a higher level of design, it can be very valuable to have lots of co-developers random-walking through the design space near your product. Consider the way a puddle of water finds a drain, or better yet how ants find food: exploration essentially by diffusion, followed by exploitation mediated by a scalable communication mechanism. This works very well; as with Harry Hochheiser and me, one of your outriders may well find a huge win nearby that you were just a little too close-focused to see.