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(The MIT License)
Copyright (c) 2014 Jonathan Ong <me@jongleberry.com>
Copyright (c) 2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com>
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
# accepts
[![NPM Version][npm-version-image]][npm-url]
[![NPM Downloads][npm-downloads-image]][npm-url]
[![Node.js Version][node-version-image]][node-version-url]
[![Build Status][github-actions-ci-image]][github-actions-ci-url]
[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
Higher level content negotiation based on [negotiator](https://www.npmjs.com/package/negotiator).
Extracted from [koa](https://www.npmjs.com/package/koa) for general use.
In addition to negotiator, it allows:
- Allows types as an array or arguments list, ie `(['text/html', 'application/json'])`
as well as `('text/html', 'application/json')`.
- Allows type shorthands such as `json`.
- Returns `false` when no types match
- Treats non-existent headers as `*`
## Installation
This is a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) module available through the
[npm registry](https://www.npmjs.com/). Installation is done using the
[`npm install` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-npm-packages-locally):
```sh
$ npm install accepts
```
## API
```js
var accepts = require('accepts')
```
### accepts(req)
Create a new `Accepts` object for the given `req`.
#### .charset(charsets)
Return the first accepted charset. If nothing in `charsets` is accepted,
then `false` is returned.
#### .charsets()
Return the charsets that the request accepts, in the order of the client's
preference (most preferred first).
#### .encoding(encodings)
Return the first accepted encoding. If nothing in `encodings` is accepted,
then `false` is returned.
#### .encodings()
Return the encodings that the request accepts, in the order of the client's
preference (most preferred first).
#### .language(languages)
Return the first accepted language. If nothing in `languages` is accepted,
then `false` is returned.
#### .languages()
Return the languages that the request accepts, in the order of the client's
preference (most preferred first).
#### .type(types)
Return the first accepted type (and it is returned as the same text as what
appears in the `types` array). If nothing in `types` is accepted, then `false`
is returned.
The `types` array can contain full MIME types or file extensions. Any value
that is not a full MIME types is passed to `require('mime-types').lookup`.
#### .types()
Return the types that the request accepts, in the order of the client's
preference (most preferred first).
## Examples
### Simple type negotiation
This simple example shows how to use `accepts` to return a different typed
respond body based on what the client wants to accept. The server lists it's
preferences in order and will get back the best match between the client and
server.
```js
var accepts = require('accepts')
var http = require('http')
function app (req, res) {
var accept = accepts(req)
// the order of this list is significant; should be server preferred order
switch (accept.type(['json', 'html'])) {
case 'json':
res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json')
res.write('{"hello":"world!"}')
break
case 'html':
res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html')
res.write('<b>hello, world!</b>')
break
default:
// the fallback is text/plain, so no need to specify it above
res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/plain')
res.write('hello, world!')
break
}
res.end()
}
http.createServer(app).listen(3000)
```
You can test this out with the cURL program:
```sh
curl -I -H'Accept: text/html' http://localhost:3000/
```
## License
[MIT](LICENSE)
[coveralls-image]: https://badgen.net/coveralls/c/github/jshttp/accepts/master
[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/jshttp/accepts?branch=master
[github-actions-ci-image]: https://badgen.net/github/checks/jshttp/accepts/master?label=ci
[github-actions-ci-url]: https://github.com/jshttp/accepts/actions/workflows/ci.yml
[node-version-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/node/accepts
[node-version-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download
[npm-downloads-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/dm/accepts
[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/accepts
[npm-version-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/v/accepts
/*!
* accepts
* Copyright(c) 2014 Jonathan Ong
* Copyright(c) 2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
* MIT Licensed
*/
'use strict'
/**
* Module dependencies.
* @private
*/
var Negotiator = require('negotiator')
var mime = require('mime-types')
/**
* Module exports.
* @public
*/
module.exports = Accepts
/**
* Create a new Accepts object for the given req.
*
* @param {object} req
* @public
*/
function Accepts (req) {
if (!(this instanceof Accepts)) {
return new Accepts(req)
}
this.headers = req.headers
this.negotiator = new Negotiator(req)
}
/**
* Check if the given `type(s)` is acceptable, returning
* the best match when true, otherwise `undefined`, in which
* case you should respond with 406 "Not Acceptable".
*
* The `type` value may be a single mime type string
* such as "application/json", the extension name
* such as "json" or an array `["json", "html", "text/plain"]`. When a list
* or array is given the _best_ match, if any is returned.
*
* Examples:
*
* // Accept: text/html
* this.types('html');
* // => "html"
*
* // Accept: text/*, application/json
* this.types('html');
* // => "html"
* this.types('text/html');
* // => "text/html"
* this.types('json', 'text');
* // => "json"
* this.types('application/json');
* // => "application/json"
*
* // Accept: text/*, application/json
* this.types('image/png');
* this.types('png');
* // => undefined
*
* // Accept: text/*;q=.5, application/json
* this.types(['html', 'json']);
* this.types('html', 'json');
* // => "json"
*
* @param {String|Array} types...
* @return {String|Array|Boolean}
* @public
*/
Accepts.prototype.type =
Accepts.prototype.types = function (types_) {
var types = types_
// support flattened arguments
if (types && !Array.isArray(types)) {
types = new Array(arguments.length)
for (var i = 0; i < types.length; i++) {
types[i] = arguments[i]
}
}
// no types, return all requested types
if (!types || types.length === 0) {
return this.negotiator.mediaTypes()
}
// no accept header, return first given type
if (!this.headers.accept) {
return types[0]
}
var mimes = types.map(extToMime)
var accepts = this.negotiator.mediaTypes(mimes.filter(validMime))
var first = accepts[0]
return first
? types[mimes.indexOf(first)]
: false
}
/**
* Return accepted encodings or best fit based on `encodings`.
*
* Given `Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate`
* an array sorted by quality is returned:
*
* ['gzip', 'deflate']
*
* @param {String|Array} encodings...
* @return {String|Array}
* @public
*/
Accepts.prototype.encoding =
Accepts.prototype.encodings = function (encodings_) {
var encodings = encodings_
// support flattened arguments
if (encodings && !Array.isArray(encodings)) {
encodings = new Array(arguments.length)
for (var i = 0; i < encodings.length; i++) {
encodings[i] = arguments[i]
}
}
// no encodings, return all requested encodings
if (!encodings || encodings.length === 0) {
return this.negotiator.encodings()
}
return this.negotiator.encodings(encodings)[0] || false
}
/**
* Return accepted charsets or best fit based on `charsets`.
*
* Given `Accept-Charset: utf-8, iso-8859-1;q=0.2, utf-7;q=0.5`
* an array sorted by quality is returned:
*
* ['utf-8', 'utf-7', 'iso-8859-1']
*
* @param {String|Array} charsets...
* @return {String|Array}
* @public
*/
Accepts.prototype.charset =
Accepts.prototype.charsets = function (charsets_) {
var charsets = charsets_
// support flattened arguments
if (charsets && !Array.isArray(charsets)) {
charsets = new Array(arguments.length)
for (var i = 0; i < charsets.length; i++) {
charsets[i] = arguments[i]
}
}
// no charsets, return all requested charsets
if (!charsets || charsets.length === 0) {
return this.negotiator.charsets()
}
return this.negotiator.charsets(charsets)[0] || false
}
/**
* Return accepted languages or best fit based on `langs`.
*
* Given `Accept-Language: en;q=0.8, es, pt`
* an array sorted by quality is returned:
*
* ['es', 'pt', 'en']
*
* @param {String|Array} langs...
* @return {Array|String}
* @public
*/
Accepts.prototype.lang =
Accepts.prototype.langs =
Accepts.prototype.language =
Accepts.prototype.languages = function (languages_) {
var languages = languages_
// support flattened arguments
if (languages && !Array.isArray(languages)) {
languages = new Array(arguments.length)
for (var i = 0; i < languages.length; i++) {
languages[i] = arguments[i]
}
}
// no languages, return all requested languages
if (!languages || languages.length === 0) {
return this.negotiator.languages()
}
return this.negotiator.languages(languages)[0] || false
}
/**
* Convert extnames to mime.
*
* @param {String} type
* @return {String}
* @private
*/
function extToMime (type) {
return type.indexOf('/') === -1
? mime.lookup(type)
: type
}
/**
* Check if mime is valid.
*
* @param {String} type
* @return {String}
* @private
*/
function validMime (type) {
return typeof type === 'string'
}
{
"name": "accepts",
"description": "Higher-level content negotiation",
"version": "1.3.8",
"contributors": [
"Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com>",
"Jonathan Ong <me@jongleberry.com> (http://jongleberry.com)"
],
"license": "MIT",
"repository": "jshttp/accepts",
"dependencies": {
"mime-types": "~2.1.34",
"negotiator": "0.6.3"
},
"devDependencies": {
"deep-equal": "1.0.1",
"eslint": "7.32.0",
"eslint-config-standard": "14.1.1",
"eslint-plugin-import": "2.25.4",
"eslint-plugin-markdown": "2.2.1",
"eslint-plugin-node": "11.1.0",
"eslint-plugin-promise": "4.3.1",
"eslint-plugin-standard": "4.1.0",
"mocha": "9.2.0",
"nyc": "15.1.0"
},
"files": [
"LICENSE",
"HISTORY.md",
"index.js"
],
"engines": {
"node": ">= 0.6"
},
"scripts": {
"lint": "eslint .",
"test": "mocha --reporter spec --check-leaks --bail test/",
"test-ci": "nyc --reporter=lcov --reporter=text npm test",
"test-cov": "nyc --reporter=html --reporter=text npm test"
},
"keywords": [
"content",
"negotiation",
"accept",
"accepts"
]
}
The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2014 Blake Embrey (hello@blakeembrey.com)
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.
# Array Flatten
[![NPM version][npm-image]][npm-url]
[![NPM downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
[![Build status][travis-image]][travis-url]
[![Test coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
> Flatten an array of nested arrays into a single flat array. Accepts an optional depth.
## Installation
```
npm install array-flatten --save
```
## Usage
```javascript
var flatten = require('array-flatten')
flatten([1, [2, [3, [4, [5], 6], 7], 8], 9])
//=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
flatten([1, [2, [3, [4, [5], 6], 7], 8], 9], 2)
//=> [1, 2, 3, [4, [5], 6], 7, 8, 9]
(function () {
flatten(arguments) //=> [1, 2, 3]
})(1, [2, 3])
```
## License
MIT
[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/array-flatten.svg?style=flat
[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/array-flatten
[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/array-flatten.svg?style=flat
[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/array-flatten
[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/blakeembrey/array-flatten.svg?style=flat
[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/blakeembrey/array-flatten
[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/blakeembrey/array-flatten.svg?style=flat
[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/blakeembrey/array-flatten?branch=master
'use strict'
/**
* Expose `arrayFlatten`.
*/
module.exports = arrayFlatten
/**
* Recursive flatten function with depth.
*
* @param {Array} array
* @param {Array} result
* @param {Number} depth
* @return {Array}
*/
function flattenWithDepth (array, result, depth) {
for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
var value = array[i]
if (depth > 0 && Array.isArray(value)) {
flattenWithDepth(value, result, depth - 1)
} else {
result.push(value)
}
}
return result
}
/**
* Recursive flatten function. Omitting depth is slightly faster.
*
* @param {Array} array
* @param {Array} result
* @return {Array}
*/
function flattenForever (array, result) {
for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
var value = array[i]
if (Array.isArray(value)) {
flattenForever(value, result)
} else {
result.push(value)
}
}
return result
}
/**
* Flatten an array, with the ability to define a depth.
*
* @param {Array} array
* @param {Number} depth
* @return {Array}
*/
function arrayFlatten (array, depth) {
if (depth == null) {
return flattenForever(array, [])
}
return flattenWithDepth(array, [], depth)
}
{
"name": "array-flatten",
"version": "1.1.1",
"description": "Flatten an array of nested arrays into a single flat array",
"main": "array-flatten.js",
"files": [
"array-flatten.js",
"LICENSE"
],
"scripts": {
"test": "istanbul cover _mocha -- -R spec"
},
"repository": {
"type": "git",
"url": "git://github.com/blakeembrey/array-flatten.git"
},
"keywords": [
"array",
"flatten",
"arguments",
"depth"
],
"author": {
"name": "Blake Embrey",
"email": "hello@blakeembrey.com",
"url": "http://blakeembrey.me"
},
"license": "MIT",
"bugs": {
"url": "https://github.com/blakeembrey/array-flatten/issues"
},
"homepage": "https://github.com/blakeembrey/array-flatten",
"devDependencies": {
"istanbul": "^0.3.13",
"mocha": "^2.2.4",
"pre-commit": "^1.0.7",
"standard": "^3.7.3"
}
}
2.0.1 / 2018-09-19
==================
* deps: safe-buffer@5.1.2
2.0.0 / 2017-09-12
==================
* Drop support for Node.js below 0.8
* Remove `auth(ctx)` signature -- pass in header or `auth(ctx.req)`
* Use `safe-buffer` for improved Buffer API
1.1.0 / 2016-11-18
==================
* Add `auth.parse` for low-level string parsing
1.0.4 / 2016-05-10
==================
* Improve error message when `req` argument is not an object
* Improve error message when `req` missing `headers` property
1.0.3 / 2015-07-01
==================
* Fix regression accepting a Koa context
1.0.2 / 2015-06-12
==================
* Improve error message when `req` argument missing
* perf: enable strict mode
* perf: hoist regular expression
* perf: parse with regular expressions
* perf: remove argument reassignment
1.0.1 / 2015-05-04
==================
* Update readme
1.0.0 / 2014-07-01
==================
* Support empty password
* Support empty username
0.0.1 / 2013-11-30
==================
* Initial release
(The MIT License)
Copyright (c) 2013 TJ Holowaychuk
Copyright (c) 2014 Jonathan Ong <me@jongleberry.com>
Copyright (c) 2015-2016 Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com>
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
# basic-auth
[![NPM Version][npm-image]][npm-url]
[![NPM Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
[![Node.js Version][node-version-image]][node-version-url]
[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
Generic basic auth Authorization header field parser for whatever.
## Installation
This is a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) module available through the
[npm registry](https://www.npmjs.com/). Installation is done using the
[`npm install` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-npm-packages-locally):
```
$ npm install basic-auth
```
## API
<!-- eslint-disable no-unused-vars -->
```js
var auth = require('basic-auth')
```
### auth(req)
Get the basic auth credentials from the given request. The `Authorization`
header is parsed and if the header is invalid, `undefined` is returned,
otherwise an object with `name` and `pass` properties.
### auth.parse(string)
Parse a basic auth authorization header string. This will return an object
with `name` and `pass` properties, or `undefined` if the string is invalid.
## Example
Pass a Node.js request object to the module export. If parsing fails
`undefined` is returned, otherwise an object with `.name` and `.pass`.
<!-- eslint-disable no-unused-vars, no-undef -->
```js
var auth = require('basic-auth')
var user = auth(req)
// => { name: 'something', pass: 'whatever' }
```
A header string from any other location can also be parsed with
`auth.parse`, for example a `Proxy-Authorization` header:
<!-- eslint-disable no-unused-vars, no-undef -->
```js
var auth = require('basic-auth')
var user = auth.parse(req.getHeader('Proxy-Authorization'))
```
### With vanilla node.js http server
```js
var http = require('http')
var auth = require('basic-auth')
var compare = require('tsscmp')
// Create server
var server = http.createServer(function (req, res) {
var credentials = auth(req)
// Check credentials
// The "check" function will typically be against your user store
if (!credentials || !check(credentials.name, credentials.pass)) {
res.statusCode = 401
res.setHeader('WWW-Authenticate', 'Basic realm="example"')
res.end('Access denied')
} else {
res.end('Access granted')
}
})
// Basic function to validate credentials for example
function check (name, pass) {
var valid = true
// Simple method to prevent short-circut and use timing-safe compare
valid = compare(name, 'john') && valid
valid = compare(pass, 'secret') && valid
return valid
}
// Listen
server.listen(3000)
```
# License
[MIT](LICENSE)
[coveralls-image]: https://badgen.net/coveralls/c/github/jshttp/basic-auth/master
[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/jshttp/basic-auth?branch=master
[downloads-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/dm/basic-auth
[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/basic-auth
[node-version-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/node/basic-auth
[node-version-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download
[npm-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/v/basic-auth
[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/basic-auth
[travis-image]: https://badgen.net/travis/jshttp/basic-auth/master
[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/jshttp/basic-auth
/*!
* basic-auth
* Copyright(c) 2013 TJ Holowaychuk
* Copyright(c) 2014 Jonathan Ong
* Copyright(c) 2015-2016 Douglas Christopher Wilson
* MIT Licensed
*/
'use strict'
/**
* Module dependencies.
* @private
*/
var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer
/**
* Module exports.
* @public
*/
module.exports = auth
module.exports.parse = parse
/**
* RegExp for basic auth credentials
*
* credentials = auth-scheme 1*SP token68
* auth-scheme = "Basic" ; case insensitive
* token68 = 1*( ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~" / "+" / "/" ) *"="
* @private
*/
var CREDENTIALS_REGEXP = /^ *(?:[Bb][Aa][Ss][Ii][Cc]) +([A-Za-z0-9._~+/-]+=*) *$/
/**
* RegExp for basic auth user/pass
*
* user-pass = userid ":" password
* userid = *<TEXT excluding ":">
* password = *TEXT
* @private
*/
var USER_PASS_REGEXP = /^([^:]*):(.*)$/
/**
* Parse the Authorization header field of a request.
*
* @param {object} req
* @return {object} with .name and .pass
* @public
*/
function auth (req) {
if (!req) {
throw new TypeError('argument req is required')
}
if (typeof req !== 'object') {
throw new TypeError('argument req is required to be an object')
}
// get header
var header = getAuthorization(req)
// parse header
return parse(header)
}
/**
* Decode base64 string.
* @private
*/
function decodeBase64 (str) {
return Buffer.from(str, 'base64').toString()
}
/**
* Get the Authorization header from request object.
* @private
*/
function getAuthorization (req) {
if (!req.headers || typeof req.headers !== 'object') {
throw new TypeError('argument req is required to have headers property')
}
return req.headers.authorization
}
/**
* Parse basic auth to object.
*
* @param {string} string
* @return {object}
* @public
*/
function parse (string) {
if (typeof string !== 'string') {
return undefined
}
// parse header
var match = CREDENTIALS_REGEXP.exec(string)
if (!match) {
return undefined
}
// decode user pass
var userPass = USER_PASS_REGEXP.exec(decodeBase64(match[1]))
if (!userPass) {
return undefined
}
// return credentials object
return new Credentials(userPass[1], userPass[2])
}
/**
* Object to represent user credentials.
* @private
*/
function Credentials (name, pass) {
this.name = name
this.pass = pass
}
The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) Feross Aboukhadijeh
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
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# safe-buffer [![travis][travis-image]][travis-url] [![npm][npm-image]][npm-url] [![downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url] [![javascript style guide][standard-image]][standard-url]
[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/feross/safe-buffer/master.svg
[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/feross/safe-buffer
[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/safe-buffer.svg
[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/safe-buffer
[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/safe-buffer.svg
[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/safe-buffer
[standard-image]: https://img.shields.io/badge/code_style-standard-brightgreen.svg
[standard-url]: https://standardjs.com
#### Safer Node.js Buffer API
**Use the new Node.js Buffer APIs (`Buffer.from`, `Buffer.alloc`,
`Buffer.allocUnsafe`, `Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow`) in all versions of Node.js.**
**Uses the built-in implementation when available.**
## install
```
npm install safe-buffer
```
## usage
The goal of this package is to provide a safe replacement for the node.js `Buffer`.
It's a drop-in replacement for `Buffer`. You can use it by adding one `require` line to
the top of your node.js modules:
```js
var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer
// Existing buffer code will continue to work without issues:
new Buffer('hey', 'utf8')
new Buffer([1, 2, 3], 'utf8')
new Buffer(obj)
new Buffer(16) // create an uninitialized buffer (potentially unsafe)
// But you can use these new explicit APIs to make clear what you want:
Buffer.from('hey', 'utf8') // convert from many types to a Buffer
Buffer.alloc(16) // create a zero-filled buffer (safe)
Buffer.allocUnsafe(16) // create an uninitialized buffer (potentially unsafe)
```
## api
### Class Method: Buffer.from(array)
<!-- YAML
added: v3.0.0
-->
* `array` {Array}
Allocates a new `Buffer` using an `array` of octets.
```js
const buf = Buffer.from([0x62,0x75,0x66,0x66,0x65,0x72]);
// creates a new Buffer containing ASCII bytes
// ['b','u','f','f','e','r']
```
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `array` is not an `Array`.
### Class Method: Buffer.from(arrayBuffer[, byteOffset[, length]])
<!-- YAML
added: v5.10.0
-->
* `arrayBuffer` {ArrayBuffer} The `.buffer` property of a `TypedArray` or
a `new ArrayBuffer()`
* `byteOffset` {Number} Default: `0`
* `length` {Number} Default: `arrayBuffer.length - byteOffset`
When passed a reference to the `.buffer` property of a `TypedArray` instance,
the newly created `Buffer` will share the same allocated memory as the
TypedArray.
```js
const arr = new Uint16Array(2);
arr[0] = 5000;
arr[1] = 4000;
const buf = Buffer.from(arr.buffer); // shares the memory with arr;
console.log(buf);
// Prints: <Buffer 88 13 a0 0f>
// changing the TypedArray changes the Buffer also
arr[1] = 6000;
console.log(buf);
// Prints: <Buffer 88 13 70 17>
```
The optional `byteOffset` and `length` arguments specify a memory range within
the `arrayBuffer` that will be shared by the `Buffer`.
```js
const ab = new ArrayBuffer(10);
const buf = Buffer.from(ab, 0, 2);
console.log(buf.length);
// Prints: 2
```
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `arrayBuffer` is not an `ArrayBuffer`.
### Class Method: Buffer.from(buffer)
<!-- YAML
added: v3.0.0
-->
* `buffer` {Buffer}
Copies the passed `buffer` data onto a new `Buffer` instance.
```js
const buf1 = Buffer.from('buffer');
const buf2 = Buffer.from(buf1);
buf1[0] = 0x61;
console.log(buf1.toString());
// 'auffer'
console.log(buf2.toString());
// 'buffer' (copy is not changed)
```
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `buffer` is not a `Buffer`.
### Class Method: Buffer.from(str[, encoding])
<!-- YAML
added: v5.10.0
-->
* `str` {String} String to encode.
* `encoding` {String} Encoding to use, Default: `'utf8'`
Creates a new `Buffer` containing the given JavaScript string `str`. If
provided, the `encoding` parameter identifies the character encoding.
If not provided, `encoding` defaults to `'utf8'`.
```js
const buf1 = Buffer.from('this is a tést');
console.log(buf1.toString());
// prints: this is a tést
console.log(buf1.toString('ascii'));
// prints: this is a tC)st
const buf2 = Buffer.from('7468697320697320612074c3a97374', 'hex');
console.log(buf2.toString());
// prints: this is a tést
```
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `str` is not a string.
### Class Method: Buffer.alloc(size[, fill[, encoding]])
<!-- YAML
added: v5.10.0
-->
* `size` {Number}
* `fill` {Value} Default: `undefined`
* `encoding` {String} Default: `utf8`
Allocates a new `Buffer` of `size` bytes. If `fill` is `undefined`, the
`Buffer` will be *zero-filled*.
```js
const buf = Buffer.alloc(5);
console.log(buf);
// <Buffer 00 00 00 00 00>
```
The `size` must be less than or equal to the value of
`require('buffer').kMaxLength` (on 64-bit architectures, `kMaxLength` is
`(2^31)-1`). Otherwise, a [`RangeError`][] is thrown. A zero-length Buffer will
be created if a `size` less than or equal to 0 is specified.
If `fill` is specified, the allocated `Buffer` will be initialized by calling
`buf.fill(fill)`. See [`buf.fill()`][] for more information.
```js
const buf = Buffer.alloc(5, 'a');
console.log(buf);
// <Buffer 61 61 61 61 61>
```
If both `fill` and `encoding` are specified, the allocated `Buffer` will be
initialized by calling `buf.fill(fill, encoding)`. For example:
```js
const buf = Buffer.alloc(11, 'aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=', 'base64');
console.log(buf);
// <Buffer 68 65 6c 6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64>
```
Calling `Buffer.alloc(size)` can be significantly slower than the alternative
`Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)` but ensures that the newly created `Buffer` instance
contents will *never contain sensitive data*.
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `size` is not a number.
### Class Method: Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)
<!-- YAML
added: v5.10.0
-->
* `size` {Number}
Allocates a new *non-zero-filled* `Buffer` of `size` bytes. The `size` must
be less than or equal to the value of `require('buffer').kMaxLength` (on 64-bit
architectures, `kMaxLength` is `(2^31)-1`). Otherwise, a [`RangeError`][] is
thrown. A zero-length Buffer will be created if a `size` less than or equal to
0 is specified.
The underlying memory for `Buffer` instances created in this way is *not
initialized*. The contents of the newly created `Buffer` are unknown and
*may contain sensitive data*. Use [`buf.fill(0)`][] to initialize such
`Buffer` instances to zeroes.
```js
const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(5);
console.log(buf);
// <Buffer 78 e0 82 02 01>
// (octets will be different, every time)
buf.fill(0);
console.log(buf);
// <Buffer 00 00 00 00 00>
```
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `size` is not a number.
Note that the `Buffer` module pre-allocates an internal `Buffer` instance of
size `Buffer.poolSize` that is used as a pool for the fast allocation of new
`Buffer` instances created using `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)` (and the deprecated
`new Buffer(size)` constructor) only when `size` is less than or equal to
`Buffer.poolSize >> 1` (floor of `Buffer.poolSize` divided by two). The default
value of `Buffer.poolSize` is `8192` but can be modified.
Use of this pre-allocated internal memory pool is a key difference between
calling `Buffer.alloc(size, fill)` vs. `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size).fill(fill)`.
Specifically, `Buffer.alloc(size, fill)` will *never* use the internal Buffer
pool, while `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size).fill(fill)` *will* use the internal
Buffer pool if `size` is less than or equal to half `Buffer.poolSize`. The
difference is subtle but can be important when an application requires the
additional performance that `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)` provides.
### Class Method: Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow(size)
<!-- YAML
added: v5.10.0
-->
* `size` {Number}
Allocates a new *non-zero-filled* and non-pooled `Buffer` of `size` bytes. The
`size` must be less than or equal to the value of
`require('buffer').kMaxLength` (on 64-bit architectures, `kMaxLength` is
`(2^31)-1`). Otherwise, a [`RangeError`][] is thrown. A zero-length Buffer will
be created if a `size` less than or equal to 0 is specified.
The underlying memory for `Buffer` instances created in this way is *not
initialized*. The contents of the newly created `Buffer` are unknown and
*may contain sensitive data*. Use [`buf.fill(0)`][] to initialize such
`Buffer` instances to zeroes.
When using `Buffer.allocUnsafe()` to allocate new `Buffer` instances,
allocations under 4KB are, by default, sliced from a single pre-allocated
`Buffer`. This allows applications to avoid the garbage collection overhead of
creating many individually allocated Buffers. This approach improves both
performance and memory usage by eliminating the need to track and cleanup as
many `Persistent` objects.
However, in the case where a developer may need to retain a small chunk of
memory from a pool for an indeterminate amount of time, it may be appropriate
to create an un-pooled Buffer instance using `Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow()` then
copy out the relevant bits.
```js
// need to keep around a few small chunks of memory
const store = [];
socket.on('readable', () => {
const data = socket.read();
// allocate for retained data
const sb = Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow(10);
// copy the data into the new allocation
data.copy(sb, 0, 0, 10);
store.push(sb);
});
```
Use of `Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow()` should be used only as a last resort *after*
a developer has observed undue memory retention in their applications.
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `size` is not a number.
### All the Rest
The rest of the `Buffer` API is exactly the same as in node.js.
[See the docs](https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html).
## Related links
- [Node.js issue: Buffer(number) is unsafe](https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/4660)
- [Node.js Enhancement Proposal: Buffer.from/Buffer.alloc/Buffer.zalloc/Buffer() soft-deprecate](https://github.com/nodejs/node-eps/pull/4)
## Why is `Buffer` unsafe?
Today, the node.js `Buffer` constructor is overloaded to handle many different argument
types like `String`, `Array`, `Object`, `TypedArrayView` (`Uint8Array`, etc.),
`ArrayBuffer`, and also `Number`.
The API is optimized for convenience: you can throw any type at it, and it will try to do
what you want.
Because the Buffer constructor is so powerful, you often see code like this:
```js
// Convert UTF-8 strings to hex
function toHex (str) {
return new Buffer(str).toString('hex')
}
```
***But what happens if `toHex` is called with a `Number` argument?***
### Remote Memory Disclosure
If an attacker can make your program call the `Buffer` constructor with a `Number`
argument, then they can make it allocate uninitialized memory from the node.js process.
This could potentially disclose TLS private keys, user data, or database passwords.
When the `Buffer` constructor is passed a `Number` argument, it returns an
**UNINITIALIZED** block of memory of the specified `size`. When you create a `Buffer` like
this, you **MUST** overwrite the contents before returning it to the user.
From the [node.js docs](https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html#buffer_new_buffer_size):
> `new Buffer(size)`
>
> - `size` Number
>
> The underlying memory for `Buffer` instances created in this way is not initialized.
> **The contents of a newly created `Buffer` are unknown and could contain sensitive
> data.** Use `buf.fill(0)` to initialize a Buffer to zeroes.
(Emphasis our own.)
Whenever the programmer intended to create an uninitialized `Buffer` you often see code
like this:
```js
var buf = new Buffer(16)
// Immediately overwrite the uninitialized buffer with data from another buffer
for (var i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) {
buf[i] = otherBuf[i]
}
```
### Would this ever be a problem in real code?
Yes. It's surprisingly common to forget to check the type of your variables in a
dynamically-typed language like JavaScript.
Usually the consequences of assuming the wrong type is that your program crashes with an
uncaught exception. But the failure mode for forgetting to check the type of arguments to
the `Buffer` constructor is more catastrophic.
Here's an example of a vulnerable service that takes a JSON payload and converts it to
hex:
```js
// Take a JSON payload {str: "some string"} and convert it to hex
var server = http.createServer(function (req, res) {
var data = ''
req.setEncoding('utf8')
req.on('data', function (chunk) {
data += chunk
})
req.on('end', function () {
var body = JSON.parse(data)
res.end(new Buffer(body.str).toString('hex'))
})
})
server.listen(8080)
```
In this example, an http client just has to send:
```json
{
"str": 1000
}
```
and it will get back 1,000 bytes of uninitialized memory from the server.
This is a very serious bug. It's similar in severity to the
[the Heartbleed bug](http://heartbleed.com/) that allowed disclosure of OpenSSL process
memory by remote attackers.
### Which real-world packages were vulnerable?
#### [`bittorrent-dht`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bittorrent-dht)
[Mathias Buus](https://github.com/mafintosh) and I
([Feross Aboukhadijeh](http://feross.org/)) found this issue in one of our own packages,
[`bittorrent-dht`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bittorrent-dht). The bug would allow
anyone on the internet to send a series of messages to a user of `bittorrent-dht` and get
them to reveal 20 bytes at a time of uninitialized memory from the node.js process.
Here's
[the commit](https://github.com/feross/bittorrent-dht/commit/6c7da04025d5633699800a99ec3fbadf70ad35b8)
that fixed it. We released a new fixed version, created a
[Node Security Project disclosure](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/68), and deprecated all
vulnerable versions on npm so users will get a warning to upgrade to a newer version.
#### [`ws`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/ws)
That got us wondering if there were other vulnerable packages. Sure enough, within a short
period of time, we found the same issue in [`ws`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/ws), the
most popular WebSocket implementation in node.js.
If certain APIs were called with `Number` parameters instead of `String` or `Buffer` as
expected, then uninitialized server memory would be disclosed to the remote peer.
These were the vulnerable methods:
```js
socket.send(number)
socket.ping(number)
socket.pong(number)
```
Here's a vulnerable socket server with some echo functionality:
```js
server.on('connection', function (socket) {
socket.on('message', function (message) {
message = JSON.parse(message)
if (message.type === 'echo') {
socket.send(message.data) // send back the user's message
}
})
})
```
`socket.send(number)` called on the server, will disclose server memory.
Here's [the release](https://github.com/websockets/ws/releases/tag/1.0.1) where the issue
was fixed, with a more detailed explanation. Props to
[Arnout Kazemier](https://github.com/3rd-Eden) for the quick fix. Here's the
[Node Security Project disclosure](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/67).
### What's the solution?
It's important that node.js offers a fast way to get memory otherwise performance-critical
applications would needlessly get a lot slower.
But we need a better way to *signal our intent* as programmers. **When we want
uninitialized memory, we should request it explicitly.**
Sensitive functionality should not be packed into a developer-friendly API that loosely
accepts many different types. This type of API encourages the lazy practice of passing
variables in without checking the type very carefully.
#### A new API: `Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)`
The functionality of creating buffers with uninitialized memory should be part of another
API. We propose `Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)`. This way, it's not part of an API that
frequently gets user input of all sorts of different types passed into it.
```js
var buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(16) // careful, uninitialized memory!
// Immediately overwrite the uninitialized buffer with data from another buffer
for (var i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) {
buf[i] = otherBuf[i]
}
```
### How do we fix node.js core?
We sent [a PR to node.js core](https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/4514) (merged as
`semver-major`) which defends against one case:
```js
var str = 16
new Buffer(str, 'utf8')
```
In this situation, it's implied that the programmer intended the first argument to be a
string, since they passed an encoding as a second argument. Today, node.js will allocate
uninitialized memory in the case of `new Buffer(number, encoding)`, which is probably not
what the programmer intended.
But this is only a partial solution, since if the programmer does `new Buffer(variable)`
(without an `encoding` parameter) there's no way to know what they intended. If `variable`
is sometimes a number, then uninitialized memory will sometimes be returned.
### What's the real long-term fix?
We could deprecate and remove `new Buffer(number)` and use `Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)` when
we need uninitialized memory. But that would break 1000s of packages.
~~We believe the best solution is to:~~
~~1. Change `new Buffer(number)` to return safe, zeroed-out memory~~
~~2. Create a new API for creating uninitialized Buffers. We propose: `Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)`~~
#### Update
We now support adding three new APIs:
- `Buffer.from(value)` - convert from any type to a buffer
- `Buffer.alloc(size)` - create a zero-filled buffer
- `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)` - create an uninitialized buffer with given size
This solves the core problem that affected `ws` and `bittorrent-dht` which is
`Buffer(variable)` getting tricked into taking a number argument.
This way, existing code continues working and the impact on the npm ecosystem will be
minimal. Over time, npm maintainers can migrate performance-critical code to use
`Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)` instead of `new Buffer(number)`.
### Conclusion
We think there's a serious design issue with the `Buffer` API as it exists today. It
promotes insecure software by putting high-risk functionality into a convenient API
with friendly "developer ergonomics".
This wasn't merely a theoretical exercise because we found the issue in some of the
most popular npm packages.
Fortunately, there's an easy fix that can be applied today. Use `safe-buffer` in place of
`buffer`.
```js
var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer
```
Eventually, we hope that node.js core can switch to this new, safer behavior. We believe
the impact on the ecosystem would be minimal since it's not a breaking change.
Well-maintained, popular packages would be updated to use `Buffer.alloc` quickly, while
older, insecure packages would magically become safe from this attack vector.
## links
- [Node.js PR: buffer: throw if both length and enc are passed](https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/4514)
- [Node Security Project disclosure for `ws`](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/67)
- [Node Security Project disclosure for`bittorrent-dht`](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/68)
## credit
The original issues in `bittorrent-dht`
([disclosure](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/68)) and
`ws` ([disclosure](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/67)) were discovered by
[Mathias Buus](https://github.com/mafintosh) and
[Feross Aboukhadijeh](http://feross.org/).
Thanks to [Adam Baldwin](https://github.com/evilpacket) for helping disclose these issues
and for his work running the [Node Security Project](https://nodesecurity.io/).
Thanks to [John Hiesey](https://github.com/jhiesey) for proofreading this README and
auditing the code.
## license
MIT. Copyright (C) [Feross Aboukhadijeh](http://feross.org)
declare module "safe-buffer" {
export class Buffer {
length: number
write(string: string, offset?: number, length?: number, encoding?: string): number;
toString(encoding?: string, start?: number, end?: number): string;
toJSON(): { type: 'Buffer', data: any[] };
equals(otherBuffer: Buffer): boolean;
compare(otherBuffer: Buffer, targetStart?: number, targetEnd?: number, sourceStart?: number, sourceEnd?: number): number;
copy(targetBuffer: Buffer, targetStart?: number, sourceStart?: number, sourceEnd?: number): number;
slice(start?: number, end?: number): Buffer;
writeUIntLE(value: number, offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeUIntBE(value: number, offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeIntLE(value: number, offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeIntBE(value: number, offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readUIntLE(offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readUIntBE(offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readIntLE(offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readIntBE(offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readUInt8(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readUInt16LE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readUInt16BE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readUInt32LE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readUInt32BE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readInt8(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readInt16LE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readInt16BE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readInt32LE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readInt32BE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readFloatLE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readFloatBE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readDoubleLE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readDoubleBE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
swap16(): Buffer;
swap32(): Buffer;
swap64(): Buffer;
writeUInt8(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeUInt16LE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeUInt16BE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeUInt32LE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeUInt32BE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeInt8(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeInt16LE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeInt16BE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeInt32LE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeInt32BE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeFloatLE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeFloatBE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeDoubleLE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeDoubleBE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
fill(value: any, offset?: number, end?: number): this;
indexOf(value: string | number | Buffer, byteOffset?: number, encoding?: string): number;
lastIndexOf(value: string | number | Buffer, byteOffset?: number, encoding?: string): number;
includes(value: string | number | Buffer, byteOffset?: number, encoding?: string): boolean;
/**
* Allocates a new buffer containing the given {str}.
*
* @param str String to store in buffer.
* @param encoding encoding to use, optional. Default is 'utf8'
*/
constructor (str: string, encoding?: string);
/**
* Allocates a new buffer of {size} octets.
*
* @param size count of octets to allocate.
*/
constructor (size: number);
/**
* Allocates a new buffer containing the given {array} of octets.
*
* @param array The octets to store.
*/
constructor (array: Uint8Array);
/**
* Produces a Buffer backed by the same allocated memory as
* the given {ArrayBuffer}.
*
*
* @param arrayBuffer The ArrayBuffer with which to share memory.
*/
constructor (arrayBuffer: ArrayBuffer);
/**
* Allocates a new buffer containing the given {array} of octets.
*
* @param array The octets to store.
*/
constructor (array: any[]);
/**
* Copies the passed {buffer} data onto a new {Buffer} instance.
*
* @param buffer The buffer to copy.
*/
constructor (buffer: Buffer);
prototype: Buffer;
/**
* Allocates a new Buffer using an {array} of octets.
*
* @param array
*/
static from(array: any[]): Buffer;
/**
* When passed a reference to the .buffer property of a TypedArray instance,
* the newly created Buffer will share the same allocated memory as the TypedArray.
* The optional {byteOffset} and {length} arguments specify a memory range
* within the {arrayBuffer} that will be shared by the Buffer.
*
* @param arrayBuffer The .buffer property of a TypedArray or a new ArrayBuffer()
* @param byteOffset
* @param length
*/
static from(arrayBuffer: ArrayBuffer, byteOffset?: number, length?: number): Buffer;
/**
* Copies the passed {buffer} data onto a new Buffer instance.
*
* @param buffer
*/
static from(buffer: Buffer): Buffer;
/**
* Creates a new Buffer containing the given JavaScript string {str}.
* If provided, the {encoding} parameter identifies the character encoding.
* If not provided, {encoding} defaults to 'utf8'.
*
* @param str
*/
static from(str: string, encoding?: string): Buffer;
/**
* Returns true if {obj} is a Buffer
*
* @param obj object to test.
*/
static isBuffer(obj: any): obj is Buffer;
/**
* Returns true if {encoding} is a valid encoding argument.
* Valid string encodings in Node 0.12: 'ascii'|'utf8'|'utf16le'|'ucs2'(alias of 'utf16le')|'base64'|'binary'(deprecated)|'hex'
*
* @param encoding string to test.
*/
static isEncoding(encoding: string): boolean;
/**
* Gives the actual byte length of a string. encoding defaults to 'utf8'.
* This is not the same as String.prototype.length since that returns the number of characters in a string.
*
* @param string string to test.
* @param encoding encoding used to evaluate (defaults to 'utf8')
*/
static byteLength(string: string, encoding?: string): number;
/**
* Returns a buffer which is the result of concatenating all the buffers in the list together.
*
* If the list has no items, or if the totalLength is 0, then it returns a zero-length buffer.
* If the list has exactly one item, then the first item of the list is returned.
* If the list has more than one item, then a new Buffer is created.
*
* @param list An array of Buffer objects to concatenate
* @param totalLength Total length of the buffers when concatenated.
* If totalLength is not provided, it is read from the buffers in the list. However, this adds an additional loop to the function, so it is faster to provide the length explicitly.
*/
static concat(list: Buffer[], totalLength?: number): Buffer;
/**
* The same as buf1.compare(buf2).
*/
static compare(buf1: Buffer, buf2: Buffer): number;
/**
* Allocates a new buffer of {size} octets.
*
* @param size count of octets to allocate.
* @param fill if specified, buffer will be initialized by calling buf.fill(fill).
* If parameter is omitted, buffer will be filled with zeros.
* @param encoding encoding used for call to buf.fill while initalizing
*/
static alloc(size: number, fill?: string | Buffer | number, encoding?: string): Buffer;
/**
* Allocates a new buffer of {size} octets, leaving memory not initialized, so the contents
* of the newly created Buffer are unknown and may contain sensitive data.
*
* @param size count of octets to allocate
*/
static allocUnsafe(size: number): Buffer;
/**
* Allocates a new non-pooled buffer of {size} octets, leaving memory not initialized, so the contents
* of the newly created Buffer are unknown and may contain sensitive data.
*
* @param size count of octets to allocate
*/
static allocUnsafeSlow(size: number): Buffer;
}
}
\ No newline at end of file
/* eslint-disable node/no-deprecated-api */
var buffer = require('buffer')
var Buffer = buffer.Buffer
// alternative to using Object.keys for old browsers
function copyProps (src, dst) {
for (var key in src) {
dst[key] = src[key]
}
}
if (Buffer.from && Buffer.alloc && Buffer.allocUnsafe && Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow) {
module.exports = buffer
} else {
// Copy properties from require('buffer')
copyProps(buffer, exports)
exports.Buffer = SafeBuffer
}
function SafeBuffer (arg, encodingOrOffset, length) {
return Buffer(arg, encodingOrOffset, length)
}
// Copy static methods from Buffer
copyProps(Buffer, SafeBuffer)
SafeBuffer.from = function (arg, encodingOrOffset, length) {
if (typeof arg === 'number') {
throw new TypeError('Argument must not be a number')
}
return Buffer(arg, encodingOrOffset, length)
}
SafeBuffer.alloc = function (size, fill, encoding) {
if (typeof size !== 'number') {
throw new TypeError('Argument must be a number')
}
var buf = Buffer(size)
if (fill !== undefined) {
if (typeof encoding === 'string') {
buf.fill(fill, encoding)
} else {
buf.fill(fill)
}
} else {
buf.fill(0)
}
return buf
}
SafeBuffer.allocUnsafe = function (size) {
if (typeof size !== 'number') {
throw new TypeError('Argument must be a number')
}
return Buffer(size)
}
SafeBuffer.allocUnsafeSlow = function (size) {
if (typeof size !== 'number') {
throw new TypeError('Argument must be a number')
}
return buffer.SlowBuffer(size)
}
{
"name": "safe-buffer",
"description": "Safer Node.js Buffer API",
"version": "5.1.2",
"author": {
"name": "Feross Aboukhadijeh",
"email": "feross@feross.org",
"url": "http://feross.org"
},
"bugs": {
"url": "https://github.com/feross/safe-buffer/issues"
},
"devDependencies": {
"standard": "*",
"tape": "^4.0.0"
},
"homepage": "https://github.com/feross/safe-buffer",
"keywords": [
"buffer",
"buffer allocate",
"node security",
"safe",
"safe-buffer",
"security",
"uninitialized"
],
"license": "MIT",
"main": "index.js",
"types": "index.d.ts",
"repository": {
"type": "git",
"url": "git://github.com/feross/safe-buffer.git"
},
"scripts": {
"test": "standard && tape test/*.js"
}
}
{
"name": "basic-auth",
"description": "node.js basic auth parser",
"version": "2.0.1",
"license": "MIT",
"keywords": [
"basic",
"auth",
"authorization",
"basicauth"
],
"repository": "jshttp/basic-auth",
"dependencies": {
"safe-buffer": "5.1.2"
},
"devDependencies": {
"eslint": "5.6.0",
"eslint-config-standard": "12.0.0",
"eslint-plugin-import": "2.14.0",
"eslint-plugin-markdown": "1.0.0-beta.6",
"eslint-plugin-node": "7.0.1",
"eslint-plugin-promise": "4.0.1",
"eslint-plugin-standard": "4.0.0",
"istanbul": "0.4.5",
"mocha": "5.2.0"
},
"files": [
"HISTORY.md",
"LICENSE",
"index.js"
],
"engines": {
"node": ">= 0.8"
},
"scripts": {
"lint": "eslint --plugin markdown --ext js,md .",
"test": "mocha --check-leaks --reporter spec --bail",
"test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --reporter dot --check-leaks test/",
"test-travis": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --reporter spec --check-leaks test/"
}
}
1.20.2 / 2023-02-21
===================
* Fix strict json error message on Node.js 19+
* deps: content-type@~1.0.5
- perf: skip value escaping when unnecessary
* deps: raw-body@2.5.2
1.20.1 / 2022-10-06
===================
* deps: qs@6.11.0
* perf: remove unnecessary object clone
1.20.0 / 2022-04-02
===================
* Fix error message for json parse whitespace in `strict`
* Fix internal error when inflated body exceeds limit
* Prevent loss of async hooks context
* Prevent hanging when request already read
* deps: depd@2.0.0
- Replace internal `eval` usage with `Function` constructor
- Use instance methods on `process` to check for listeners
* deps: http-errors@2.0.0
- deps: depd@2.0.0
- deps: statuses@2.0.1
* deps: on-finished@2.4.1
* deps: qs@6.10.3
* deps: raw-body@2.5.1
- deps: http-errors@2.0.0
1.19.2 / 2022-02-15
===================
* deps: bytes@3.1.2
* deps: qs@6.9.7
* Fix handling of `__proto__` keys
* deps: raw-body@2.4.3
- deps: bytes@3.1.2
1.19.1 / 2021-12-10
===================
* deps: bytes@3.1.1
* deps: http-errors@1.8.1
- deps: inherits@2.0.4
- deps: toidentifier@1.0.1
- deps: setprototypeof@1.2.0
* deps: qs@6.9.6
* deps: raw-body@2.4.2
- deps: bytes@3.1.1
- deps: http-errors@1.8.1
* deps: safe-buffer@5.2.1
* deps: type-is@~1.6.18
1.19.0 / 2019-04-25
===================
* deps: bytes@3.1.0
- Add petabyte (`pb`) support
* deps: http-errors@1.7.2
- Set constructor name when possible
- deps: setprototypeof@1.1.1
- deps: statuses@'>= 1.5.0 < 2'
* deps: iconv-lite@0.4.24
- Added encoding MIK
* deps: qs@6.7.0
- Fix parsing array brackets after index
* deps: raw-body@2.4.0
- deps: bytes@3.1.0
- deps: http-errors@1.7.2
- deps: iconv-lite@0.4.24
* deps: type-is@~1.6.17
- deps: mime-types@~2.1.24
- perf: prevent internal `throw` on invalid type
1.18.3 / 2018-05-14
===================
* Fix stack trace for strict json parse error
* deps: depd@~1.1.2
- perf: remove argument reassignment
* deps: http-errors@~1.6.3
- deps: depd@~1.1.2
- deps: setprototypeof@1.1.0
- deps: statuses@'>= 1.3.1 < 2'
* deps: iconv-lite@0.4.23
- Fix loading encoding with year appended
- Fix deprecation warnings on Node.js 10+
* deps: qs@6.5.2
* deps: raw-body@2.3.3
- deps: http-errors@1.6.3
- deps: iconv-lite@0.4.23
* deps: type-is@~1.6.16
- deps: mime-types@~2.1.18
1.18.2 / 2017-09-22
===================
* deps: debug@2.6.9
* perf: remove argument reassignment
1.18.1 / 2017-09-12
===================
* deps: content-type@~1.0.4
- perf: remove argument reassignment
- perf: skip parameter parsing when no parameters
* deps: iconv-lite@0.4.19
- Fix ISO-8859-1 regression
- Update Windows-1255
* deps: qs@6.5.1
- Fix parsing & compacting very deep objects
* deps: raw-body@2.3.2
- deps: iconv-lite@0.4.19
1.18.0 / 2017-09-08
===================
* Fix JSON strict violation error to match native parse error
* Include the `body` property on verify errors
* Include the `type` property on all generated errors
* Use `http-errors` to set status code on errors
* deps: bytes@3.0.0
* deps: debug@2.6.8
* deps: depd@~1.1.1
- Remove unnecessary `Buffer` loading
* deps: http-errors@~1.6.2
- deps: depd@1.1.1
* deps: iconv-lite@0.4.18
- Add support for React Native
- Add a warning if not loaded as utf-8
- Fix CESU-8 decoding in Node.js 8
- Improve speed of ISO-8859-1 encoding
* deps: qs@6.5.0
* deps: raw-body@2.3.1
- Use `http-errors` for standard emitted errors
- deps: bytes@3.0.0
- deps: iconv-lite@0.4.18
- perf: skip buffer decoding on overage chunk
* perf: prevent internal `throw` when missing charset
1.17.2 / 2017-05-17
===================
* deps: debug@2.6.7
- Fix `DEBUG_MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH`
- deps: ms@2.0.0
* deps: type-is@~1.6.15
- deps: mime-types@~2.1.15
1.17.1 / 2017-03-06
===================
* deps: qs@6.4.0
- Fix regression parsing keys starting with `[`
1.17.0 / 2017-03-01
===================
* deps: http-errors@~1.6.1
- Make `message` property enumerable for `HttpError`s
- deps: setprototypeof@1.0.3
* deps: qs@6.3.1
- Fix compacting nested arrays
1.16.1 / 2017-02-10
===================
* deps: debug@2.6.1
- Fix deprecation messages in WebStorm and other editors
- Undeprecate `DEBUG_FD` set to `1` or `2`
1.16.0 / 2017-01-17
===================
* deps: debug@2.6.0
- Allow colors in workers
- Deprecated `DEBUG_FD` environment variable
- Fix error when running under React Native
- Use same color for same namespace
- deps: ms@0.7.2
* deps: http-errors@~1.5.1
- deps: inherits@2.0.3
- deps: setprototypeof@1.0.2
- deps: statuses@'>= 1.3.1 < 2'
* deps: iconv-lite@0.4.15
- Added encoding MS-31J
- Added encoding MS-932
- Added encoding MS-936
- Added encoding MS-949
- Added encoding MS-950
- Fix GBK/GB18030 handling of Euro character
* deps: qs@6.2.1
- Fix array parsing from skipping empty values
* deps: raw-body@~2.2.0
- deps: iconv-lite@0.4.15
* deps: type-is@~1.6.14
- deps: mime-types@~2.1.13
1.15.2 / 2016-06-19
===================
* deps: bytes@2.4.0
* deps: content-type@~1.0.2
- perf: enable strict mode
* deps: http-errors@~1.5.0
- Use `setprototypeof` module to replace `__proto__` setting
- deps: statuses@'>= 1.3.0 < 2'
- perf: enable strict mode
* deps: qs@6.2.0
* deps: raw-body@~2.1.7
- deps: bytes@2.4.0
- perf: remove double-cleanup on happy path
* deps: type-is@~1.6.13
- deps: mime-types@~2.1.11
1.15.1 / 2016-05-05
===================
* deps: bytes@2.3.0
- Drop partial bytes on all parsed units
- Fix parsing byte string that looks like hex
* deps: raw-body@~2.1.6
- deps: bytes@2.3.0
* deps: type-is@~1.6.12
- deps: mime-types@~2.1.10
1.15.0 / 2016-02-10
===================
* deps: http-errors@~1.4.0
- Add `HttpError` export, for `err instanceof createError.HttpError`
- deps: inherits@2.0.1
- deps: statuses@'>= 1.2.1 < 2'
* deps: qs@6.1.0
* deps: type-is@~1.6.11
- deps: mime-types@~2.1.9
1.14.2 / 2015-12-16
===================
* deps: bytes@2.2.0
* deps: iconv-lite@0.4.13
* deps: qs@5.2.0
* deps: raw-body@~2.1.5
- deps: bytes@2.2.0
- deps: iconv-lite@0.4.13
* deps: type-is@~1.6.10
- deps: mime-types@~2.1.8
1.14.1 / 2015-09-27
===================
* Fix issue where invalid charset results in 400 when `verify` used
* deps: iconv-lite@0.4.12
- Fix CESU-8 decoding in Node.js 4.x
* deps: raw-body@~2.1.4
- Fix masking critical errors from `iconv-lite`
- deps: iconv-lite@0.4.12
* deps: type-is@~1.6.9
- deps: mime-types@~2.1.7
1.14.0 / 2015-09-16
===================
* Fix JSON strict parse error to match syntax errors
* Provide static `require` analysis in `urlencoded` parser
* deps: depd@~1.1.0
- Support web browser loading
* deps: qs@5.1.0
* deps: raw-body@~2.1.3
- Fix sync callback when attaching data listener causes sync read
* deps: type-is@~1.6.8
- Fix type error when given invalid type to match against
- deps: mime-types@~2.1.6
1.13.3 / 2015-07-31
===================
* deps: type-is@~1.6.6
- deps: mime-types@~2.1.4
1.13.2 / 2015-07-05
===================
* deps: iconv-lite@0.4.11
* deps: qs@4.0.0
- Fix dropping parameters like `hasOwnProperty`
- Fix user-visible incompatibilities from 3.1.0
- Fix various parsing edge cases
* deps: raw-body@~2.1.2
- Fix error stack traces to skip `makeError`
- deps: iconv-lite@0.4.11
* deps: type-is@~1.6.4
- deps: mime-types@~2.1.2
- perf: enable strict mode
- perf: remove argument reassignment
1.13.1 / 2015-06-16
===================
* deps: qs@2.4.2
- Downgraded from 3.1.0 because of user-visible incompatibilities
1.13.0 / 2015-06-14
===================
* Add `statusCode` property on `Error`s, in addition to `status`
* Change `type` default to `application/json` for JSON parser
* Change `type` default to `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` for urlencoded parser
* Provide static `require` analysis
* Use the `http-errors` module to generate errors
* deps: bytes@2.1.0
- Slight optimizations
* deps: iconv-lite@0.4.10
- The encoding UTF-16 without BOM now defaults to UTF-16LE when detection fails
- Leading BOM is now removed when decoding
* deps: on-finished@~2.3.0
- Add defined behavior for HTTP `CONNECT` requests
- Add defined behavior for HTTP `Upgrade` requests
- deps: ee-first@1.1.1
* deps: qs@3.1.0
- Fix dropping parameters like `hasOwnProperty`
- Fix various parsing edge cases
- Parsed object now has `null` prototype
* deps: raw-body@~2.1.1
- Use `unpipe` module for unpiping requests
- deps: iconv-lite@0.4.10
* deps: type-is@~1.6.3
- deps: mime-types@~2.1.1
- perf: reduce try block size
- perf: remove bitwise operations
* perf: enable strict mode
* perf: remove argument reassignment
* perf: remove delete call
1.12.4 / 2015-05-10
===================
* deps: debug@~2.2.0
* deps: qs@2.4.2
- Fix allowing parameters like `constructor`
* deps: on-finished@~2.2.1
* deps: raw-body@~2.0.1
- Fix a false-positive when unpiping in Node.js 0.8
- deps: bytes@2.0.1
* deps: type-is@~1.6.2
- deps: mime-types@~2.0.11
1.12.3 / 2015-04-15
===================
* Slight efficiency improvement when not debugging
* deps: depd@~1.0.1
* deps: iconv-lite@0.4.8
- Add encoding alias UNICODE-1-1-UTF-7
* deps: raw-body@1.3.4
- Fix hanging callback if request aborts during read
- deps: iconv-lite@0.4.8
1.12.2 / 2015-03-16
===================
* deps: qs@2.4.1
- Fix error when parameter `hasOwnProperty` is present
1.12.1 / 2015-03-15
===================
* deps: debug@~2.1.3
- Fix high intensity foreground color for bold
- deps: ms@0.7.0
* deps: type-is@~1.6.1
- deps: mime-types@~2.0.10
1.12.0 / 2015-02-13
===================
* add `debug` messages
* accept a function for the `type` option
* use `content-type` to parse `Content-Type` headers
* deps: iconv-lite@0.4.7
- Gracefully support enumerables on `Object.prototype`
* deps: raw-body@1.3.3
- deps: iconv-lite@0.4.7
* deps: type-is@~1.6.0
- fix argument reassignment
- fix false-positives in `hasBody` `Transfer-Encoding` check
- support wildcard for both type and subtype (`*/*`)
- deps: mime-types@~2.0.9
1.11.0 / 2015-01-30
===================
* make internal `extended: true` depth limit infinity
* deps: type-is@~1.5.6
- deps: mime-types@~2.0.8
1.10.2 / 2015-01-20
===================
* deps: iconv-lite@0.4.6
- Fix rare aliases of single-byte encodings
* deps: raw-body@1.3.2
- deps: iconv-lite@0.4.6
1.10.1 / 2015-01-01
===================
* deps: on-finished@~2.2.0
* deps: type-is@~1.5.5
- deps: mime-types@~2.0.7
1.10.0 / 2014-12-02
===================
* make internal `extended: true` array limit dynamic
1.9.3 / 2014-11-21
==================
* deps: iconv-lite@0.4.5
- Fix Windows-31J and X-SJIS encoding support
* deps: qs@2.3.3
- Fix `arrayLimit` behavior
* deps: raw-body@1.3.1
- deps: iconv-lite@0.4.5
* deps: type-is@~1.5.3
- deps: mime-types@~2.0.3
1.9.2 / 2014-10-27
==================
* deps: qs@2.3.2
- Fix parsing of mixed objects and values
1.9.1 / 2014-10-22
==================
* deps: on-finished@~2.1.1
- Fix handling of pipelined requests
* deps: qs@2.3.0
- Fix parsing of mixed implicit and explicit arrays
* deps: type-is@~1.5.2
- deps: mime-types@~2.0.2
1.9.0 / 2014-09-24
==================
* include the charset in "unsupported charset" error message
* include the encoding in "unsupported content encoding" error message
* deps: depd@~1.0.0
1.8.4 / 2014-09-23
==================
* fix content encoding to be case-insensitive
1.8.3 / 2014-09-19
==================
* deps: qs@2.2.4
- Fix issue with object keys starting with numbers truncated
1.8.2 / 2014-09-15
==================
* deps: depd@0.4.5
1.8.1 / 2014-09-07
==================
* deps: media-typer@0.3.0
* deps: type-is@~1.5.1
1.8.0 / 2014-09-05
==================
* make empty-body-handling consistent between chunked requests
- empty `json` produces `{}`
- empty `raw` produces `new Buffer(0)`
- empty `text` produces `''`
- empty `urlencoded` produces `{}`
* deps: qs@2.2.3
- Fix issue where first empty value in array is discarded
* deps: type-is@~1.5.0
- fix `hasbody` to be true for `content-length: 0`
1.7.0 / 2014-09-01
==================
* add `parameterLimit` option to `urlencoded` parser
* change `urlencoded` extended array limit to 100
* respond with 413 when over `parameterLimit` in `urlencoded`
1.6.7 / 2014-08-29
==================
* deps: qs@2.2.2
- Remove unnecessary cloning
1.6.6 / 2014-08-27
==================
* deps: qs@2.2.0
- Array parsing fix
- Performance improvements
1.6.5 / 2014-08-16
==================
* deps: on-finished@2.1.0
1.6.4 / 2014-08-14
==================
* deps: qs@1.2.2
1.6.3 / 2014-08-10
==================
* deps: qs@1.2.1
1.6.2 / 2014-08-07
==================
* deps: qs@1.2.0
- Fix parsing array of objects
1.6.1 / 2014-08-06
==================
* deps: qs@1.1.0
- Accept urlencoded square brackets
- Accept empty values in implicit array notation
1.6.0 / 2014-08-05
==================
* deps: qs@1.0.2
- Complete rewrite
- Limits array length to 20
- Limits object depth to 5
- Limits parameters to 1,000
1.5.2 / 2014-07-27
==================
* deps: depd@0.4.4
- Work-around v8 generating empty stack traces
1.5.1 / 2014-07-26
==================
* deps: depd@0.4.3
- Fix exception when global `Error.stackTraceLimit` is too low
1.5.0 / 2014-07-20
==================
* deps: depd@0.4.2
- Add `TRACE_DEPRECATION` environment variable
- Remove non-standard grey color from color output
- Support `--no-deprecation` argument
- Support `--trace-deprecation` argument
* deps: iconv-lite@0.4.4
- Added encoding UTF-7
* deps: raw-body@1.3.0
- deps: iconv-lite@0.4.4
- Added encoding UTF-7
- Fix `Cannot switch to old mode now` error on Node.js 0.10+
* deps: type-is@~1.3.2
1.4.3 / 2014-06-19
==================
* deps: type-is@1.3.1
- fix global variable leak
1.4.2 / 2014-06-19
==================
* deps: type-is@1.3.0
- improve type parsing
1.4.1 / 2014-06-19
==================
* fix urlencoded extended deprecation message
1.4.0 / 2014-06-19
==================
* add `text` parser
* add `raw` parser
* check accepted charset in content-type (accepts utf-8)
* check accepted encoding in content-encoding (accepts identity)
* deprecate `bodyParser()` middleware; use `.json()` and `.urlencoded()` as needed
* deprecate `urlencoded()` without provided `extended` option
* lazy-load urlencoded parsers
* parsers split into files for reduced mem usage
* support gzip and deflate bodies
- set `inflate: false` to turn off
* deps: raw-body@1.2.2
- Support all encodings from `iconv-lite`
1.3.1 / 2014-06-11
==================
* deps: type-is@1.2.1
- Switch dependency from mime to mime-types@1.0.0
1.3.0 / 2014-05-31
==================
* add `extended` option to urlencoded parser
1.2.2 / 2014-05-27
==================
* deps: raw-body@1.1.6
- assert stream encoding on node.js 0.8
- assert stream encoding on node.js < 0.10.6
- deps: bytes@1
1.2.1 / 2014-05-26
==================
* invoke `next(err)` after request fully read
- prevents hung responses and socket hang ups
1.2.0 / 2014-05-11
==================
* add `verify` option
* deps: type-is@1.2.0
- support suffix matching
1.1.2 / 2014-05-11
==================
* improve json parser speed
1.1.1 / 2014-05-11
==================
* fix repeated limit parsing with every request
1.1.0 / 2014-05-10
==================
* add `type` option
* deps: pin for safety and consistency
1.0.2 / 2014-04-14
==================
* use `type-is` module
1.0.1 / 2014-03-20
==================
* lower default limits to 100kb
(The MIT License)
Copyright (c) 2014 Jonathan Ong <me@jongleberry.com>
Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com>
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