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Commit a10d2259 authored by Hwanyong Lee's avatar Hwanyong Lee
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Merge branch 'master' into 'master'

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See merge request !21
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......@@ -219,35 +219,35 @@ Without ever having to discuss it, Carl and I knew we had a common goal of havin
## 사용자가 있다는 것의 중요성
And so I inherited popclient. Just as importantly, I inherited popclient's user base. Users are wonderful things to have, and not just because they demonstrate that you're serving a need, that you've done something right. Properly cultivated, they can become co-developers.
(송선웅)And so I inherited popclient. Just as importantly, I inherited popclient's user base. Users are wonderful things to have, and not just because they demonstrate that you're serving a need, that you've done something right. Properly cultivated, they can become co-developers.
그래서 내가 popclient를 넘겨 받았다. 내가 popclient의 사용자들을 넘겨받았다는 것도 그에 못지않게 중요하다. 사용자들이 있다는 것은 매우 좋은 일이다. 당신이 누군가의 필요를 충족시켜주고 있으며 일을 잘 해나가고 있다는 것을 보여주기 때문만은 아니다. 적절하게 유도해 준다면 사용자들은 공동개발자가 될 수도 있다.
Another strength of the Unix tradition, one that Linux pushes to a happy extreme, is that a lot of users are hackers too. Because source code is available, they can be effective hackers. This can be tremendously useful for shortening debugging time. Given a bit of encouragement, your users will diagnose problems, suggest fixes, and help improve the code far more quickly than you could unaided.
(김진수) Another strength of the Unix tradition, one that Linux pushes to a happy extreme, is that a lot of users are hackers too. Because source code is available, they can be effective hackers. This can be tremendously useful for shortening debugging time. Given a bit of encouragement, your users will diagnose problems, suggest fixes, and help improve the code far more quickly than you could unaided.
유닉스의 전통이 가지고 있는 또하나의 강점, 즉 많은 수의 사용자들이 동시에 해커이기도 하다는 것을 리눅스는 좋은 의미로서의 극단까지 밀어붙였다. 소스코드가 공개되어 있기 때문에 그들은 효과적인 해커가 될 수 있다. 이것은 디버깅 시간을 줄이는 데 엄청난 도움이 되었다. 조금만 격려해주면 사용자들은 문제를 분석하고 해결책을 제시하며, 도움 없이 혼자 일할 때보다 훨씬 빨리 코드를 개선시키도록 해준다.
6. Treating your users as co-developers is your least-hassle route to rapid code improvement and effective debugging.
(이상구)6. Treating your users as co-developers is your least-hassle route to rapid code improvement and effective debugging.
6. 사용자들을 공동개발자로 생각하면 코드가 다른 어떤 방법보다도 빠른 속도로 개선되며 효율적으로 디버깅할 수 있다. (Treating your users as co-developers is your least-hassle route to rapid code improvement and effective debugging)
The power of this effect is easy to underestimate. In fact, pretty well all of us in the open-source world drastically underestimated how well it would scale up with number of users and against system complexity, until Linus Torvalds showed us differently.
(고우석)The power of this effect is easy to underestimate. In fact, pretty well all of us in the open-source world drastically underestimated how well it would scale up with number of users and against system complexity, until Linus Torvalds showed us differently.
이 효과의 위력은 과소평가되기 쉽다. 사실, 오픈 소스 세계의 우리들조차 시스템의 복잡도에 대항하여 많은 수의 사용자가 얼마나 힘이 되는지를 리누스 토발즈가 보여주기 전까지는 과소평가하고 있었다.
In fact, I think Linus's cleverest and most consequential hack was not the construction of the Linux kernel itself, but rather his invention of the Linux development model. When I expressed this opinion in his presence once, he smiled and quietly repeated something he has often said: ``I'm basically a very lazy person who likes to get credit for things other people actually do.'' Lazy like a fox. Or, as Robert Heinlein famously wrote of one of his characters, too lazy to fail.
(송선웅)In fact, I think Linus's cleverest and most consequential hack was not the construction of the Linux kernel itself, but rather his invention of the Linux development model. When I expressed this opinion in his presence once, he smiled and quietly repeated something he has often said: "I'm basically a very lazy person who likes to get credit for things other people actually do." Lazy like a fox. Or, as Robert Heinlein famously wrote of one of his characters, too lazy to fail.
실제로 나는 리누스의 가장 영리하고 가장 중요한 해킹은 리눅스 커널을 만들었다는 점이 아니라 리눅스 개발모델을 만들었다는 점이라고 생각한다. 리누스에게 이 의견을 말해 주었더니 그는 씨익 웃고서 조용히 여러번 하던 말을 되풀이했다. ``난 기본적으로 매우 게으른 사람이라서 실제로는 다른 사람들이 해놓은 일을 가지고 공로라고 인정받곤 해요.'' 여우처럼 게으르군. 로버트 하인라인이라면 `실패하기에는 너무 게으르다' 고 말했을 것이다.
실제로 나는 리누스의 가장 영리하고 가장 중요한 해킹은 리눅스 커널을 만들었다는 점이 아니라 리눅스 개발모델을 만들었다는 점이라고 생각한다. 리누스에게 이 의견을 말해 주었더니 그는 씨익 웃고서 조용히 여러번 하던 말을 되풀이했다. "난 기본적으로 매우 게으른 사람이라서 실제로는 다른 사람들이 해놓은 일을 가지고 공로라고 인정받곤 해요." 여우처럼 게으르군. 로버트 하인라인이라면 `실패하기에는 너무 게으르다' 고 말했을 것이다.
In retrospect, one precedent for the methods and success of Linux can be seen in the development of the GNU Emacs Lisp library and Lisp code archives. In contrast to the cathedral-building style of the Emacs C core and most other GNU tools, the evolution of the Lisp code pool was fluid and very user-driven. Ideas and prototype modes were often rewritten three or four times before reaching a stable final form. And loosely-coupled collaborations enabled by the Internet, a la Linux, were frequent.
(김진수) In retrospect, one precedent for the methods and success of Linux can be seen in the development of the GNU Emacs Lisp library and Lisp code archives. In contrast to the cathedral-building style of the Emacs C core and most other GNU tools, the evolution of the Lisp code pool was fluid and very user-driven. Ideas and prototype modes were often rewritten three or four times before reaching a stable final form. And loosely-coupled collaborations enabled by the Internet, a la Linux, were frequent.
되돌아 보면, 리눅스의 성공과 방법론은 GNU Emacs Lisp 라이브러리와 Lisp 코드 아카이브에서 그 선례를 찾아볼 수 있다. Emacs C 코어와 다른 대부분의 FSF 도구들의 성당건축 스타일과는 대조적으로 Lisp 코드 풀의 진화는 유동적이었고, 사용자가 주도한 것이었다. 아이디어와 프로토타입 모드들은 안정적인 최종형태를 갖추기까지 종종 서너번씩 다시 쓰여졌다. 느슨하게 묶인 공동작업이 인터넷으로 인해 가능해졌고, 리눅스에서처럼 매우 자주 일어나는 일이 되었다.
Indeed, my own most successful single hack previous to fetchmail was probably Emacs VC (version control) mode, a Linux-like collaboration by email with three other people, only one of whom (Richard Stallman, the author of Emacs and founder of the Free Software Foundation) I have met to this day. It was a front-end for SCCS, RCS and later CVS from within Emacs that offered ``one-touch'' version control operations. It evolved from a tiny, crude sccs.el mode somebody else had written. And the development of VC succeeded because, unlike Emacs itself, Emacs Lisp code could go through release/test/improve generations very quickly.
(이상구)Indeed, my own most successful single hack previous to fetchmail was probably Emacs VC (version control) mode, a Linux-like collaboration by email with three other people, only one of whom (Richard Stallman, the author of Emacs and founder of the Free Software Foundation) I have met to this day. It was a front-end for SCCS, RCS and later CVS from within Emacs that offered ``one-touch'' version control operations. It evolved from a tiny, crude sccs.el mode somebody else had written. And the development of VC succeeded because, unlike Emacs itself, Emacs Lisp code could go through release/test/improve generations very quickly.
사실 fetchmail 이전에 내 자신의 가장 성공적인 해킹은 아마 Emacs VC 모드였을 것이다. 세 명의 사람들과 email을 통해 리눅스와 비슷한 협동작업을 했고, 지금까지 그 셋 중의 한 명 (리차드 스톨만:Richard Stallman. Emacs 의 저자이면서 FSF 의 설립자) 만을 만나보았다. VC 모드는 SCCS, RCV 와 CVS 를 위한 Emacs 내의 프론트엔드였고, ``원터치'' 버전컨트롤 기능을 제공했다. 이것은 누군가 만들어 놓은 작고 조악한 sccs.el 모드로부터 진화한 것이었다. VC 의 개발은 Emacs 와는 다르게 Emacs Lisp 코드가 발표/테스트/개선의 주기를 매우 빨리 반복할 수 있었기 때문에 성공했다.
The Emacs story is not unique. There have been other software products with a two-level architecture and a two-tier user community that combined a cathedral-mode core and a bazaar-mode toolbox. One such is MATLAB, a commercial data-analysis and visualization tool. Users of MATLAB and other products with a similar structure invariably report that the action, the ferment, the innovation mostly takes place in the open part of the tool where a large and varied community can tinker with it.
(고우석)The Emacs story is not unique. There have been other software products with a two-level architecture and a two-tier user community that combined a cathedral-mode core and a bazaar-mode toolbox. One such is MATLAB, a commercial data-analysis and visualization tool. Users of MATLAB and other products with a similar structure invariably report that the action, the ferment, the innovation mostly takes place in the open part of the tool where a large and varied community can tinker with it.
코드를 법적으로 GPL에 묶어두려는 FSF의 정책은 한가지 예기치 못한 부작용을 가져왔는데, 그것은 FSF가 시장모드를 사용하는 것이 절차적으로 까다로워졌다는 것이다. 그들은 GPL 코드를 저작권법 하에서의 도전으로부터 면역시키기 위해 20줄 이상의 개인적인 공헌에 대해서는 저작권을 주어야 한다고 믿기 때문이다. BSD와 MIT의 X 콘소시엄 라이센스를 사용하여 저작권을 얻는 사람들에게는 이런 문제가 없다. 그들은 누군가가 도전할 동기를 가질만한 권리를 가지려 하지 않는다.
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